To begin, China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is not a true fir (genus: Abies). Branches are broadly pyramidal when young, and open up to become slightly pendulous as the tree ages. China fir grows broad at the base and spire-like on top. The tree often grows multi-stemmed to 75 feet in height and 20 to 30 feet in width (USDA hardiness zones 6b-9).

Both male and female flowers of China fir form on the tips of branches. Clusters of several tiny male flowers and individual greenish-yellow female flowers open in May. The 1 ½ inch diameter brown round cones mature on the end of twigs. As the tree ages the brown bark exfoliates in strips to reveal a reddish-brown inner bark.

China fir grows best in moist, acidic, well-drained soil. Plant in full sun, but China fir will tolerate partial shade (minimum 6-hours sunlight). China fir performs best when cozied up among other trees to afford it summery shade and protection from wintry winds. Lower branches tend to lose out as tree ages. Following a severe winter some branches may dieback and should be pruned out. Otherwise, this conifer has few disease and pest issues.

Its long 2 ½- to 3-inch green to blue-green shiny needles offer a lush look. The sharp-pointed needles are spirally arranged and slightly twisted at the base. The winter foliage takes on bronze color during the winter in the Southern Appalachian region (USDA hardiness zones 6 and 7).

Several blue needle forms are now available, most from seedling sources and designated ‘Glauca’. Hardier forms have been rated to –10 to -15° F. Its light-colored soft fragrant wood is treasured in China.